Factors associated with malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease within one year after surgery / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the risk factors of malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease within one year after surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study selected 502 infants with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical treatment in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2018 to January 2019. Their basic information and clinical data were analyzed, and their nutrition status after the surgery was followed up by questionnaire survey. Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ)≤-2 one year after operation was defined as malnutrition group, and WAZ>-2 was non-malnutrition group. The perioperative indicators and complementary food advancement were compared between the two groups by chi-square test, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 502 infants were selected, including 301 males and 201 females, with the age of 4.1 (2.0, 6.8) months. There were 90 cases in malnutrition group and 412 cases in non-malnutrition group. The body length and weight at birth in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((47.8±3.8) vs. (49.3±2.5) cm, (2.7±0.6) vs.(3.0±0.5) kg, both P<0.001). The proportion of paternal high school education or above and the proportion of family per capita income of 5 000 yuan or above in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((18.9% (17/90) vs. 30.8% (127/412), 18.9% (17/90) vs. 33.7% (139/412), both P<0.05). Compared to the non-malnutrition group, the proportion of complex congenital heart disease in the malnutrition group was higher (62.2% (56/90) vs. 47.3% (195/412), P<0.05). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, postoperative hospital stay, total length of ICU stay and total hospital stay in the malnutrition group were significantly longer than those in non-malnutrition group (all P<0.05). The proportion of egg and fish supplementation over 2 times/week within one year after the surgery was also lower in the malnutrition group (both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother's weight at delivery (OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91-0.99), the pre-operative WAZ≤-2 (OR=6.04, 95%CI 3.13-11.65), the complexity of the cardiac disease (OR=2.23, 95%CI 1.22-4.06), the hospital stay after the surgery over 14 days (OR=2.61, 95%CI 1.30-5.26), the types of complementary food<4 (OR=2.57, 95%CI 1.39-4.76), and the frequency of meat and fish<2 times/week (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.13-3.93) were the risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after the surgery. Conclusion: Mother's weight at delivery pre-operative nutritional status, complexity of cardiac disease, postoperative hospital stay, types of daily supplements and frequency of fish are risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after surgery in children with congenital heart disease.

Biphasic Cholinergic Modulation of Reverberatory Activity in Neuronal Networks / 神经科学通报·英文版

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neuromodulator in various cognitive functions. However, it is unclear how ACh influences neural circuit dynamics by altering cellular properties. Here, we investigated how ACh influences reverberatory activity in cultured neuronal networks. We found that ACh suppressed the occurrence of evoked reverberation at low to moderate doses, but to a much lesser extent at high doses. Moreover, high doses of ACh caused a longer duration of evoked reverberation, and a higher occurrence of spontaneous activity. With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all ACh-induced cellular and network changes were blocked by muscarinic, but not nicotinic receptor antagonists. With computational modeling, we found that simulated changes in EPSCs and the excitability of single cells mimicking the effects of ACh indeed modulated the evoked network reverberation similar to experimental observations. Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways.

Comparison of graft vessel versus native vessel strategies for late saphenous vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of interventional treatment with graft vessel and native coronary artery for patients with late saphenous vein grafts disease(SVGD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: A total of 1 608 patients underwent CABG in Tianjin Chest from March 2014 to December 2017 were screened. During the follow-up period, 165 hospitalized patients with recurrence of angina pectoris within one year after CABG, who had at least one narrow vein graft(≥50%) confirmed by the coronary angiography were enrolled. According to the results of angiography and surgeon's clinical experiences, the patients received interventional treatment to vein grafts(grafts group, n=53) or native coronary vessels(native group, n=112). The operation success rate, mortality and incidence of serious complications after interventional treatment in two groups at the time of hospitalization were compared.And the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in two groups at one year after discharge were also compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative event-free survival rates. The risk factors for the MACE in the patients with late SVGD and treated by interventional therapy were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 165 patients were included for analysis, including 98 males(59.4%). The age was (64.2±7.1) years old. The follow-up time was 12 (8, 12) months. In the grafts group, operation success rate was 90.57%(48/53), and 3 cases(5.66%) suffered from serious complications after interventional treatment, 2 cases(3.77%) died. For native group the operation success rate was 88.39%(99/112), and 7(6.25%) cases suffered from serious complications after interventional treatment, and no deaths. The operation success rate and the incidences of serious complications after interventional treatment in two groups had no statistically significant difference(both P>0.05). The mortality in hospital of native group was lower than that in grafts group(P<0.05). Within 12 months after discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of MACE of two groups (11.32%(6/53) vs. 10.71%(12/112), P>0.05). Survival analysis showed that the cumulative event-free survival rates in two groups were 73.58% (39/53) and 66.13%(74/112), and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Cox regression analysis showed acute coronary syndrome (HR=41.203, 95%CI 4.859-349.361, P<0.01), and peripheral vascular diseases (HR=2.808, 95%CI 1.067-7.393, P<0.05) were the risk factors of the MACE for the patients treated by interventional therapy with late SVGD. Conclusion: For the patients with late SVGD after CABG, the success rate of intervention with vein grafts and own coronary vessels are both high with satisfactory safety.The in-hospital mortality of interventional therapy in own coronary vessels is lower than in graft vessel. Patients with acute coronary syndrome and peripheral vascular disease have a poor prognosis.

Effect of Optimized Concentrations of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor on Proliferation of Fibroblasts and Expression of Collagen: Related to Pelvic Floor Tissue Regeneration / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Fibroblasts were the main seed cells in the studies of tissue engineering of the pelvic floor ligament. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were widely studied but at various concentrations. This study aimed to optimize the concentrations of combined bFGF and EGF by evaluating their effects on proliferation and collagen secretion of fibroblasts.@*Methods@#Fibroblasts were differentiated from rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used for cell identification. The growth factors were applied at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml as three groups: (1) bFGF alone, (2) EGF alone, and (3) bFGF mixed with EGF. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Expression of Type I and III collagen (Col-I and Col-III) mRNAs was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software and GraphPad Prism using one-way analysis of variance and multiple t-test.@*Results@#ADSCs were successfully isolated from rat adipose tissue as identified by expression of typical surface markers CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD45 in flow cytometry. Fibroblasts induced from ADSC, compared with ADSCs, were with higher mRNA expression levels of Col I and Col III (F = 1.29, P = 0.0390). bFGF, EGF, and the mixture of bFGF with EGF can enhanced fibroblasts proliferation, and the concentration of 10 ng/ml of the mixture of bFGF with EGF displayed most effectively (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of Col-I and Col-III mRNAs in fibroblasts displayed significant increases in the 10 ng/ml bFGF combined with EGF group (all P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The optimal concentration of both bFGF and EGF to promote cell proliferation and collagen expression in fibroblasts was 10 ng/ml at which fibroblasts grew faster and secreted more Type I and III collagens into the extracellular matrix, which might contribute to the stability of the pelvic floor microenvironment.

The comparison of clinical outcomes of the first and the second-generation drug-eluting stents implanted in vein grafts after coronary artery bypass graft / 天津医药

@#Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of the first and the second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) implanted in saphenous vein grafts (SVG) in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods A total of 108 patients with coronary angiography and DES implanting in SVG due to ischemia symptoms after CABG were collected in this study, including 69 patients with the first-generation of DES (drug-eluting: sirolimus) and 39 patients with the secondgeneration of DES (drug-eluting: zotarolimus or everolimus). The success rate of stents and mortality in hospital were compared between two groups of patients. The major adverse cardiac events (MACE), such as all-cause death, target vessel revascularization (TVR) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 2-year follow-up were also compared between the two groups of patients. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the MACE free survival rates of two groups of patients were compared. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for MACE in patients with SVG stent implantation. Results There were no significant differences in the success rate of stents and mortality in hospital between the two groups. In average 2-year follow-up, a total of 37 cases of MACE were performed. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of MACE between the two groups (34.8% vs. 33.3%, P＞0.05). The proportion of TVR was significantly lower in the second-generation group than that of the first-generation group (13.0% vs. 2.6%, P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were no statistically differences in the survival rates of no-cumulative events between the two groups (81.2% vs. 79.5%, Log-rank χ2=0.029, P＞0.05). COX regression analysis showed that diabetes (HR=2.530, 95% CI: 1.008-6.345, P=0.041) and stent diameter (HR=1.143, 95% CI: 1.043-1.253, P=0.004) were independent predictors for the MACE in patients implanted stents in SVG. Conclusion There are no significant differences in mortality in hospital and the MACE in 2-year follow-up between the patients of two generations of DES implanting in the SVG after coronary artery bypass grafting. The proportion of TVR is lower in the second-generation DES group. Patients with diabetes and large diameter stents have a poor prognosis.

Analysis for Discordance of Positive and Negative Blood Typing by Gel Card / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of Gel card identifying ABO blood group, determine the inconsistent cause and the distribution of disease affecting factors, and put forward a method of its solutions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To collect 240 positive and negative typing-discordant blood speciments from patients examined by Gel card and send these speciments to blood type reference laboratory for examining with the classic tube method and serological test, such as salivary blood-group substance, in order to performe genotyping method when serologic test can not be determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 240 positive and negative typing-discordant blood speciments from patients examined by Gel card, 107 blood speciments were positive and negative consistent examined by false agglutination test (44.58%), 133 blood specinents were discordent examined by false agglutination (55.42%), out of them, 35 cases (14.58%) with inconsistent cold agglutination test, 22 cases (9.17%) with weakened AB antigenicity, 16 cases (6.67%) with ABO subtyping, 12 cases (5.00%) with positive direct antiglobulin test, 11 cases (4.58%) with reduced or without antibodies, 11 cases (4.58%) with false aggregation caused by drugs or protein, 11 cases (4.58%) with salivary blood-type substances, 8 cases (3.33%) with non-ABO alloantibody, and 7 cases (2.92%) with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The distribution of disease were following: blood disease (16.83%), tumor (11.88%), and cardiopulmonary diseases (11.39%); chi-square test results indicated that the distribution significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analysis of ABO blood grouping shows a variety factors influencing positive and negative blood typing, and the Gel Card identification can produc more false positive blood types. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the high incidence diseases, such as blood disease, tumor, and cardiopulmonary disease.</p>

UPLC/Q-TOF MS and NMR plant metabolomics approach in studying the effect of growth year on the quality of Polygala tenuifolia / 药学学报

Growth year is one of the important factors for the quality of Polygala tenufolia. In this study, primary metabolites and secondary metabolites were compared in 1, 2 and 3 years old P. tenufolia cultivated in Shaanxi Heyang. The samples were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and other statistical analysis methods. In addition, content and correlation of different metabolites were also calculated. The results showed no significance between main component contents in 2 year-old and 3 year-old P. Tenufolia, but 1 year-old was statistically different. The contents of primary metabolites, such as fructose, sucrose, and choline increased as time goes on, while glycine and raffinose decreased. The contents of secondary metabolites, such as onjisaponin Fg, polygalasaponin XXVIII, polygalasaponin XXXII increased, while polygalaxanthone III and parts of oligosaccharide multi-ester including tenuifoliose A, tenuifoliose C, tenuifoliose C2 and tenuifoliose H decreased with the extension of the growth years. Growth years has important impact on the quality of P. tenuifolia and the existing growing years of commodity P. tenuifolia have its scientific evidence. This study supplied a new method for the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.

The pump flow test of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a percutaneous left heart assist device (blood pump) which can be used in critical cardiovascular diseases. Methods According to the aerofoil theory, a percutaneous left ventricular assist device was designed. The flow produced by blood pumps with 3 different design parameters (rotation angle of the blade, distance of the outlet from the blade, length of the outlet ) was measured so as to choose the optimal design of the blood pump. Results The flow was measured with a simple flow measurement device. When the blood pump was designed to adopt a single blade with the rotation angle of 720°, or the distance between the outlet and the blade was 0 mm, or the length of the outlet was 4 mm, the flow of the blood pump was the maximum. Conclusions To choose the design parameters that produce the maximum flow can contribute to manufacture a percutaneous left ventricular assist device with the function of pumping in vitro, which will provide a theoretical and data support for the eventual development of the percutaneous left ventricular assist device in clinic.

Optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system of Tussilago farfara based on orthogonal design / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of main factors and second order interaction between main factors in Tussilago farfara ISSR-PCR systems and build ISSR reaction system with high stability and repeatability. METHODS: Based on the analysis of variance, an orthogonal table L27(313) was used to optimize the ISSR-PCR amplification system of T. farfara by four factors at three concentration levels, respectively. In addition, analysis of variance and range analysis were used to analyze the result of the experiment. RESULTS: A highly stable and repeatable ISSR-PCR reaction system was constructed. The factor Mg2+ had the most significant effect on T. farfara ISSR-PCR system (P<0.01), followed by Taq polymerase (P<0.05) and dNTPs (P<0.05). Among the second order interactions, the interaction of Mg2+ and dNTPs had the largest influence on the system (P<0.1). CONCLUSION: When building ISSR-PCR reaction system, special attention should be paid to the influence of the main factors and interaction between main factors on the whole ISSR-PCR system.

Fatty acid composition of edible marine fish in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the main fatty acids in edible marine fish from Zhoushan, Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September to October 2011, a total of 186 edible marine fish (31 species,6 individual fishes/species) were collected in local markets. Total lipids of edible part were extracted by Folch's method and fatty acids were separated and quantified by gas chromatographic after the homogenization of edible part. The differences of composition of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA),saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) among fishes were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 31 fishes, total lipids were highest in Auxis thazard ((13.2 ± 1.2)g/100 g edible part) and lowest in Thamnaconus modestus ((0.6 ± 0.1)g/100 g edible part). Total n-6 PUFA were highest in Mugil cephalus ((875.7 ± 506.4)mg/100 g edible part) and lowest in Seriola quinqueradiata((2.1 ± 1.9)mg/100 g edible part). Total n-3 PUFA were highest in Auxis thazard ((2623.8 ± 426.1)mg/100 g edible part) and lowest in Scoliodon sorrakowah ((82.0 ± 13.9)mg/100 g edible part). SFA were highest in Trachinotus ovatus((3014.9 ± 379.0)mg/100 g edible part) and lowest in Seriola quinqueradiata ((89.7 ± 5.8)mg/100 g edible part). MUFA were highest in Coilia nasus ((3335.7 ± 383.5)mg/100 g edible part) and lowest in Thamnaconus modestus ((32.1 ± 16.9)mg/100 g edible part).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were significant differences of composition of total lipids and of fatty acids among 31 edible marine fish species from Zhoushan.</p>

Dietary exposure of the Chinese population to acrylamide / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the current status of the acrylamide in the Chinese food supply, the dietary acrylamide exposure in the Chinese population and to estimate the public health risks of the current consumption.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The acrylamide content in the total diet study (TDS) food samples was analyzed using an LC-MS/MS method. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure calculations were performed using a deterministic method, combining mean acrylamide concentrations from the food group composite with their associated food consumptions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Acrylamide was detected in 43.7% of all samples collected and acrylamide concentration varied from ND to 526.6 µg/kg. The estimated dietary intakes of acrylamide among Chinese general population given as the mean and the 95th percentile (P95) were 0.286 and 0.490 µg•kg(-1) bw•day(-1), respectively. The margins of exposure (MOEs) for the population calculated using both benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10% extra risk of tumors in animals (BMDL10) 0.31 and 0.18 µg•kg(-1) bw•day(-1), were 1069 and 621 for the mean dietary exposure, and 633 and 367 for the high dietary exposure respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These MOE values might indicate a human health concern on acrylamide for Chinese population. Efforts should continue to reduce acrylamide levels in food in order to reduce the dietary risks to the human health.</p>

Assessment on dietary iodine intake in three areas of Zhejiang province, 2009 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the level of dietary iodine intake in three areas of Zhejiang and the related policy on universal salt iodization in the province.Methods The study involved 497residents from 180 families living in Hangzhou,Taizhou,Zhoushan cities,representing coastal and inland areas in Zhejiang province in 2009.A total diet study was applied to obtain the typical diet samples at three study areas through food consumption,aggregation,sampling and preparation processes.The contents of iodine in diet samples were determined by tetramethylammonium hydroxide extraction-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.The amount of dietary iodine intake was calculated by timing the food consumption data and the iodine content in different dietary samples.The safety of dietary iodine intake was evaluated according to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL) published by the Chinese Nutrition Society in 2001.Results The dietary iodine intake of reference person in three areas of Zhejiang province was 421.0 μg/d.The levels of P5,P25,median,P75,P90,P95 dietary iodine intake were 145.7 μ g/d,267.6 μg/d,358.5 μg/d,495.6 μ g/d,774.1 μg/d and 1273.0 μg/d respectively.Daily dietary iodine intake at ＜RNI,RNI-UL,＞UL accounted for 5.2％,87.5％ and 7.2％ of all the participants respectively.Without considering the loss through cooking,salt iodine provided 81.6％ of the dietary iodine source.The resources of dietary iodine would include vegetables,cereals and marine food,proportionally,as 57.2％,13.0％ and 8.5％,respectively.Participants whose daily dietary iodine intake exceeded the UL level would consume more marine algae products than those whose dietary iodine intakes were lower than RNI or between RNI-UL.Conclusion Dietary iodine intake among most residents and their average level were among reasonable ranges.Meanwhile,deficiency and excess of iodine intake coexisted.Salt iodine was the main resource of dietary iodine.Participants whose dietary iodine intakes exceeding the UL level,would prefer consume more marine algae products.

Maternal and fetal exposure to four carcinogenic environmental metals / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and beryllium (Be), and to investigate their environmental influences.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann-Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood (5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 μg/L) were significantly lower than those in maternal blood (6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 μg/L). There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that: (i) exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; (ii) living close to major transportation routes (<500 m) or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and (iii) living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.</p>

Hedgehog signaling pathway activates in gastric carcinoma and promotes the proliferation through GLI1 in MKN28 cell / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Hedgehog (HH) pathway on proliferation and in vitro tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of SHH, PTCH, SMO, SUFU and GLI1 in seven cell lines were tested by RT-PCR. siRNA targeting GLI1 mRNA was transfected into MKN28 cells. Cell proliferation and in vitro tumorigenicity were examined by CCK8 and soft agar colony formation test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SHH in six gastric cancer cell lines was up-regulated. Expression of PTCH in KATOIII cell lines and expression of SUFU in MKN28 and KATOIII were reduced. GLI1 siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of GLI1 in MKN28 cell line. Growth rate and colony formation rate of MKN28 cells treated with GLI1 siRNA were significantly lower than those of control cells (all P <0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HH signaling pathway is widely activated in gastric cancer cell lines. The activation of HH signaling pathway promotes the growth of MKN28 cells.</p>

A study on arsenic speciation analysis in animal origin seafood / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a method for determining arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and Dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) with liquid chromatography (LC), on-line UV-decomposition (UV), hydride generation (HG) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in animal origin seafood samples.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Arsenic compounds were extracted in an ultrasonic bath with methanol-water (9:1) solvent from the animal origin seafood samples. The extracts were evaporated with N2 and dissolved in water. The solvent was extracted by hexane to remove lipids. And then, the aqueous solution was diluted to 10 ml. The extracts were filtered before analysis by LC-AFS. The mobile phase consisted of 0.5 mmol/L NH4H2PO4 (pH 9.0) and 20 mmol/L NH4H2PO4 (pH 6.0). Arsenic species were separated with an anion exchange column Hamilton PRPX-100 and gradient elution, detected by LC-UV-HG-AFS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The established separation condition could achieve a better separation for five arsenic species. Detection Limits (LOD) were ranged from 0.0025 to 0.0032 mg/L, AsB was the predominant arsenic species in the animal origin seafood samples. AsIII and DMA were detected in certain shellfish samples at trace level. The accuracy of total arsenic measurement was tested by the analysis of NBS 1566 (Oyster Tissue). The accuracy of arsenic species measurement was tested by the analysis of BCR 627 (Tuna Fish). The data were tallied with the certified value.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arsenic species were specifically detected by LC-UV-HG-AFS in the animal origin seafood samples.</p>

The expression of lefty protein in adult normal skin, human embryonic skin and hyperplastic scar / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of lefty in adult normal skin (ANS), human embryonic skin (HES) and hyperplastic scar (HS), and to explore the effect of lefty on HS and the relationship between lefty and scarless wound healing in embryo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples of ANS, HES and HS were collected for frozen section for immunofluorescence staining. The morphology of fibroblast and the expression of the lefty were observed by laser confocal microscopy, and the positive cell rates were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fibroblasts in ANS and HS were long and fusiform with regularity, their nuclei were fusiform or stellate and irregular. Fibroblasts in HES were fusiform, while nuclei were elliptic or fusiform and regular. Positive cell rates of lefty protein in HS (15.38%) were lower than that in NS (67.92%) and FS (81.67%, P < 0.01), and it was lower in ANS compared with HES (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lefty protein may inhibit the formation of scar, its high expression may be related to the embryo scarless wound healing.</p>

The effect of pioglitazone on apoptotic cardiomyocytes for ischemia reperfusion / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on apoptotic cardiomyocytes with the model of ischemia-reperfusion at rat heart in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. One was 30 min reperfusion group, which was subdivided into sham (n = 5), model (vehicle, n = 6) and pioglitazone 3 mg/kg (n = 7) with 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion to detect the area of myocardial infarction (MI). Another was 2 h reperfusion group, which was further subdivided into sham (n = 5), model (vehicle, n = 6), and pioglitazone 0.3 mg/kg (n = 6), 1 mg/kg (n = 7) and 3 mg/kg (n = 6). Apart from the sham, pioglitazone and vehicle were administered intravenously 30 min before occlusion. Then hearts were excised, paraffined and cut into 4 microm thick. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, TUNEL and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis were performed to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with model, nec/aar of pioglitazone decreased by 28% (P < 0.01). The nec/lv ratio reduced by 32% (P < 0.01). (2) In a dose-dependent manner, the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were depressed, while the expression of Bcl-2, PPARgamma protein and PPARgamma mRNA were enhanced by pioglitazone. (3) The apoptotic index of subgroups injected pioglitazone reduced significantly by TUNEL compared with model (P < 0.05). Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that DNA ladder existed in model, pioglitazone 0.3 mg/kg and pioglitazone 1 mg/kg, but not pioglitazone 3 mg/kg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pioglitazone could protect the heart from I/R injury evidenced by the improvement in the expression of PPARgamma at the levels of protein and mRNA after pioglitazone administrated, and by the decrease in the apoptotic cardiomyocytes.</p>